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|  6/18/2014 | | National News | | International News | Medical News  | Pressure to Conform to Perceived Masculine Norms May Fuel HIV Risk Among Gay Black Men UNITED STATES :: HIV/AIDS
Medical Xpress (06.12.2014) :: By Ekaterina Pesheva | | | Medical Xpress reported on a study of family and cultural pressures to exhibit prescribed masculine behaviors among young black men who have sex with men (MSM). Errol Fields, MD, PhD, an adolescent medicine expert at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, and colleagues analyzed interview responses of 35 black openly gay and bisexual men and MSM who do not identify as gay or bisexual between the ages of 18 and 24.
The participants were raised in families and communities with homophobic attitudes and traditional views of masculinity. Participants reported that if they did not conform to expected behaviors, then they were ridiculed and ostracized. Under such pressures, participants were: more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors; less likely to have monogamous relationships; and more likely to participate in unprotected sex. In addition, family rejection resulted in seeking affirmation and acceptance through sex, which often led to unsafe sex. According to some participants, unprotected sex was an expression of a sexual partner’s love and trust.
According to Fields, the findings show “a clear clash between internal sexual identity and external expectations at a critical developmental stage,” resulting in loneliness and low self-esteem, which led to risky behaviors. Researchers noted that in their desire to assimilate, youth engaged in risk-taking behaviors including fighting, aggression, drinking, and using drugs to prove their manhood. Also, the constant effort to present a straight appearance resulted in chronic anxiety and fear of discovery. Participants who were overtly masculine in public were more likely to avoid HIV prevention messages and services focusing on the gay community.
Researchers concluded that gay black youth may face more severe distress due to their homosexuality than youth from other racial groups and the resulting compensatory behavior may contribute to their high HIV infection rate. Fields emphasized the need for public health and primary care physicians to be aware of these cultural dynamics and provide appropriate sexual health counseling and interventions.
The full report, “‘I Always Felt I Had to Prove My Manhood’: Homosexuality, Masculinity, Gender Role Strain, and HIV Risk Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men,” was published online ahead of print in the American Journal of Public Health (2014; doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301866). |  Read Full Article | Share this Article     | | Back to Top  |  | | Local and Community News  | City Offers Needle Exchange WISCONSIN :: Viral Hepatitis
Journal Times (Racine) (06.17.2014) :: By Cara Spoto | | | The Journal Times reported that to curb a spike in HIV and hepatitis, Wisconsin’s City of Racine Health Department began a needle-exchange program this week in its City Hall clinic at 730 Washington Avenue. Last year, Racine reported 19 new HIV cases, compared to 11 from the previous year. The department estimates that 70 percent of city’s 60 new hepatitis C cases were related to heroin users who shared needles. The exchange program, the only one in the county, provides new sterile syringes to users in exchange for used needles to ensure proper disposal and eliminate the possibility of spreading disease.
“Most often when drug users are going to acquire HIV, hepatitis, or other diseases, it’s during the first 12 months of their use. And there (was) no service of this kind in Racine County,” said Dottie-Kay Bowersox, the city’s public health administrator. Bowersox said the department found motivation to provide a local needle-exchange program when it realized that many residents were being serviced by needle-exchange programs in nearby communities.
Users looking for clean needles inform clinic staff they are there for a needle exchange. The swap will take place in an examination room without the exchange of any personal contact information. However, staff will give clients a list of services and programs to help them quit drugs and fight their addiction.
Racine Police Chief Art Howell said the exchange program is meant to highlight the deadly cost of sharing used needles and should not be interpreted as “an official approval to consume illegal drugs.” Needle-exchange hours are Monday–Friday 8:00–11:55 a.m. and 1:00–4:55 p.m. in Room 4 on the lower level of City Hall. Individuals can obtain additional information by calling the City of Racine Health Department at (262) 636–9201, or by visiting the department’s Web site at www.cityofracine.org/Health.aspx. | | Read Full Article | Share this Article | | Back to Top | | | News Briefs  | Free HIV Tests Offered Next Week Through Planned Parenthood MICHIGAN :: HIV/AIDS
MLIve Michigan (06.16.2014) :: By Sue Thoms | | | MLive reported that in recognition of National HIV Testing Day on June 27, Planned Parenthood of West and Northern Michigan will offer free HIV tests at its eight health clinics from June 23 through 27. The clinics are located in Grand Rapids, Wyoming, Ionia, Muskegon, Big Rapids, Traverse City, Petoskey, and Marquette. Call (800) 230–7526 to make an appointment for testing. According to Bridget White, Planned Parenthood’s vice president of medical services, more than 1.1 million individuals in the United States are HIV-positive; approximately one in six do not know they are infected. She noted that the sooner individuals know their status, the sooner they can get information and treatment if needed, depending on test results. | | Read Full Article | Share this Article | | Back to Top | | | | | | |
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